Topographic maps

Average elevation: 47 m

Because of its hilly topography and maritime influences, Istanbul exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. Within the city, rainfall varies widely owing to the rain shadow of the hills in Istanbul, from around 600 millimeters (24 in) on the southern fringe at Florya to 1,200 millimeters (47 in) on the…

Average elevation: 57 m

Average elevation: 156 m

With an elevation of 1,064 m (3,491 ft), Saka Haphong (also known as Mowdok Mual) near the border with Myanmar, is claimed to be the highest peak of Bangladesh. However, it is not yet widely recognized as the highest point of the country, and most sources give the honor to Keokradong.

Average elevation: 1,488 m

Average elevation: 169 m

Bursa mostly experiences a Mediterranean climate (Csa and Csb). Inner parts of the province are higher in elevation and show continental characteristics (Dsb and Dsc). Uludağ is the highest mountain in the province with 2,543 meters of elevation.

Average elevation: 406 m

Average elevation: 93 m

Bali's central mountains include several peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) in elevation and active volcanoes such as Mount Batur. The highest is Mount Agung (3,031 m; 9,944 ft), known as the "mother mountain", which is an active volcano rated as one of the world's most likely sites for a massive eruption…

Average elevation: 122 m

Average elevation: 139 m

Average elevation: 91 m

Average elevation: 92 m

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (Indonesian: Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru; abbreviated as TNBTS) is a national park located in East Java, Indonesia, to the east of Malang and Lumajang, to the south of Pasuruan and Probolinggo, and to the southeast of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. It is the only…

Average elevation: 1,343 m

Lake Toba (Indonesian: Danau Toba, Toba Batak: ᯖᯀᯬ ᯖᯬᯅ; romanized: Tao Toba) is a large natural lake in North Sumatra, Indonesia, occupying the caldera of the Toba supervolcano. The lake is located in the middle of the northern part of the island of Sumatra, with a surface elevation of about 900…

Average elevation: 1,079 m

Average elevation: 2 m

Chiang Mai has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), tempered by the low latitude and moderate elevation, with warm to hot weather year-round, though nighttime conditions during the dry season can be cool and much lower than daytime highs. The maximum temperature ever recorded was 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) in…

Average elevation: 424 m

Average elevation: 84 m

Hargeisa is situated in a valley in the Galgodon (Ogo) highlands, and sits at an elevation of 1,334 m (4,377 ft). Home to rock art from the Neolithic period, the city is also a commercial hub for precious stone-cutting, construction, retail services and trading, among other activities.

Average elevation: 1,289 m

Average elevation: 87 m

Average elevation: 53 m

The city is situated in the western part of Java island, about 53 km south of the metropolis of Jakarta and 85 km northwest of the city of Bandung, the administrative center of West Java Province. Bogor spreads over a basin near the volcanoes of Salak (which peaks at about 12 km south) and Mount Gede (whose…

Average elevation: 310 m

Average elevation: 864 m

Kayseri sits at the foot of Mount Erciyes (Turkish: Erciyes Dağı), a dormant volcano that reaches an altitude of 3,916 metres (12,848 feet), more than 1,500 metres above the city's mean altitude. It contains a number of historic monuments, particularly from the Seljuk period. Tourists often pass through…

Average elevation: 1,345 m

Average elevation: 60 m

Average elevation: 1,212 m

Average elevation: 32 m

Average elevation: 691 m

Average elevation: 85 m

Average elevation: 57 m

Average elevation: 415 m

Average elevation: 1,949 m

Average elevation: 80 m

Average elevation: 31 m

Average elevation: 136 m

Average elevation: 89 m

Kırşehir Province (Turkish: Kırşehir ili) is a province in central Turkey, forming part of the Central Anatolia Region. Its area is 6,584 km2, and its population is 244,519 (2022). The average elevation is approximately 985 meters above sea level. The provincial capital is Kırşehir. The geographical…

Average elevation: 1,079 m

Average elevation: 436 m

Average elevation: 15 m

Average elevation: 1,107 m

The Rocca Calascio is a mountaintop fortress or rocca in the municipality of Calascio. At an elevation of 1,512 metres (4,961 ft), the castle is the highest fortress in the Apennines. Built of stone and masonry exclusively for military purposes and intended only to accommodate troops and never as residence for…

Average elevation: 940 m

Average elevation: 921 m

Average elevation: 70 m

Average elevation: 1,588 m

Average elevation: 814 m

Average elevation: 26 m

Average elevation: 1,474 m

Average elevation: 62 m

Average elevation: 236 m

Average elevation: 1,561 m

Luannan County spans an area of 1,482.6 square kilometres (572.4 sq mi). It has a coastline of 29.63 kilometres (18.41 mi), alongside the Bohai Bay. The Luan River runs through the county. The county's elevation is relatively flat, as it is part of an alluvial plain. However, it is higher in the northern…

Average elevation: 5 m

Average elevation: 828 m

Average elevation: 184 m

Average elevation: 1,005 m

Average elevation: 358 m

Average elevation: 311 m

Average elevation: 210 m

Average elevation: 674 m

Average elevation: 516 m

Average elevation: 388 m

The elevation of Saint Petersburg ranges from the sea level to its highest point of 175.9 m (577 ft) at the Orekhovaya Hill in the Duderhof Heights in the south. Part of the city's territory west of Liteyny Prospekt is no higher than 4 m (13 ft) above sea level, and has suffered from numerous floods. Floods in…

Average elevation: 17 m

Average elevation: 80 m

Average elevation: 384 m

Average elevation: 36 m

Average elevation: 4 m

The municipality has an average elevation of 570 metres above sea level. Much of its 366 km sq. is forested. The terrain is mountainous with several prominent features. Stožer (1,662 m), Kalin (1,530 m) and Rudina (1,385 m) are the tallest mountains in Bugojno.

Average elevation: 647 m

Tangier was formally known as Colonia Julia Tingi ("The Julian Colony of Tingis") following its elevation to colony status during the Roman Empire. The nicknames "Bride of the North" and "Door of Africa" reference its position in far northwestern Africa near the Strait of Gibraltar.

Average elevation: 68 m

Average elevation: 2,143 m

Average elevation: 4 m

Average elevation: 311 m

Average elevation: 211 m

Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia. The Berliner Urstromtal (an ice age glacial valley), between the low Barnim Plateau to the…

Average elevation: 48 m

Bishop of Salisbury Hubert Walter was instrumental in the negotiations with Saladin during the Third Crusade, but he spent little time in his diocese prior to his elevation to archbishop of Canterbury. The brothers Herbert and Richard Poore succeeded him and began planning the relocation of the cathedral into…

Average elevation: 72 m

Average elevation: 22 m

The plan introduced several important changes to the city's transportation network. One of the most important was the addition of a rail line to connect Gaziantep to the national rail system. Up to now, Turkish railway construction had ignored Gaziantep (partly because of its mountainous surroundings); a…

Average elevation: 880 m

Average elevation: 72 m

Lopburi lies on the Lopburi River at an elevation of 20 metres (66 ft) mostly surrounded by alluvial plains, although some hills rise to between 300 metres (980 ft) and 600 metres (2,000 ft) to the north-east.

Average elevation: 12 m

Average elevation: 1,871 m

Average elevation: 117 m

Average elevation: 148 m

Average elevation: 34 m

New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and…

Average elevation: 399 m

Average elevation: 59 m

Average elevation: 70 m

Ghazni's climate is transitional between a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) and a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dsa). It has cold, snowy winters and warm, dry summers. Precipitation is low and mostly falls in winter (as snow) and spring (as rain). Winters are very cold, with…

Average elevation: 2,341 m

Average elevation: 27 m

Average elevation: 131 m

Average elevation: 1,056 m

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Average elevation: 6 m

Average elevation: 525 m

Average elevation: 179 m

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Average elevation: 386 m

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Average elevation: 133 m

Average elevation: 105 m

Average elevation: 1,031 m

Average elevation: 986 m

Average elevation: 104 m

Average elevation: 390 m

Average elevation: 285 m