Calanque d'En-Vau topographic map

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 62 m

Average elevation: 18 m

Average elevation: 390 m

The terrain of valley lends itself to more challenging skiing, with advanced skiers often opting for the resort as their preferred ski area. The town has however strived to improve its appeal to beginner and intermediate skiers with the introduction of easier runs lower down in the valley towards…

Average elevation: 2,520 m

Average elevation: 107 m

Average elevation: 286 m

The glacier lies above the Chamonix valley. The pressure within the ice is known to reach at least 30 atmospheres. The Mer de Glace can be considered as originating at an elevation of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft), just north of the Aiguille du Tacul, where it is formed by the confluence of the Glacier de Leschaux…

Average elevation: 2,323 m

Due to its elevation, Chamonix has a humid continental climate (Dfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of 1,280 mm (50 in). Summers are mild and winters are cold and snowy.

Average elevation: 2,215 m

Average elevation: 98 m

Average elevation: 160 m

Paris in its early history had only the rivers Seine and Bièvre for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new…

Average elevation: 62 m

Paris is situated on a relatively flat terrain, with its average elevation around 150 feet (45 meters) above sea level. The city lies within the Paris Basin, a low-lying area that was shaped over millennia by the meandering River Seine, which cuts through the city. Though generally flat, Paris is home to…

Average elevation: 59 m

Average elevation: 98 m

Average elevation: 393 m

Average elevation: 85 m

Versailles is located 17.1 km (10.6 mi) west-southwest from the centre of Paris. The city sits on an elevated plateau, 130 to 140 metres (425 to 460 ft) above sea-level (whereas the elevation of the centre of Paris is only 33 m (108 ft) above sea level), surrounded by wooded hills: in the north the forests of…

Average elevation: 142 m

Average elevation: 665 m

Average elevation: 36 m

Average elevation: 46 m

Average elevation: 43 m

Due to its elevation, Chamonix has a humid continental climate (Dfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of 1,280 mm (50 in). Summers are mild and winters are cold and snowy.

Average elevation: 2,215 m

Average elevation: 13 m

Morne de Vitet, 286 metres (938 feet) in height, is the highest peak on the island. Hills and valleys of varying topography cover the rest of the island. Notable are Morne Rouge, Morne Criquet, Morne de Grand Fond, Morne de Dépoudré and Morne Lurin. The largest bodies of water on the island are Étang de…

Average elevation: 4 m

Average elevation: 94 m

Les Houches, located 6 kilometres from Chamonix, is a ski resort with a domain which extends from an altitude of 950 metres up to 1900 metres. Long descents through tree-lined slopes are combined with impressive views of the Mont Blanc massif and the Chamonix valley.

Average elevation: 1,728 m

Average elevation: 78 m

Average elevation: 63 m

Average elevation: 135 m

Average elevation: 186 m

Average elevation: 62 m

Average elevation: 28 m

Average elevation: 1,792 m

Average elevation: 133 m

The main two islands are Basse-Terre (west) and Grande-Terre (east), which form a butterfly shape as viewed from above, the two 'wings' of which are separated by the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin, Rivière Salée and Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin. More than half of Guadeloupe's land surface consists of the 847.8 km2…

Average elevation: 37 m

Under the Köppen climate classification scheme, coastal regions are characterized by a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). Further inland, a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) is more common. At the highest elevation locations, small areas with a subarctic climate (Dsc, Dfc) and the rare cold-summer…

Average elevation: 139 m

Due to its elevation, Chamonix has a humid continental climate (Dfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of 1,280 mm (50 in). Summers are mild and winters are cold and snowy.

Average elevation: 2,215 m

Enclosed by the city walls, the Rocher des Doms is a limestone elevation of Urgonian type, 35 metres high[18] (and therefore safe from flooding of the Rhone which it overlooks) and is the original core of the city. Several limestone massifs are present around the commune (the Massif des Angles,…

Average elevation: 39 m

Average elevation: 30 m

Average elevation: 1,733 m

Average elevation: 261 m

Average elevation: 14 m

Average elevation: 200 m

Average elevation: 102 m

Average elevation: 56 m

Average elevation: 143 m

Average elevation: 134 m

Average elevation: 532 m

The Armorican massif reaches its maximal elevation outside of Brittany, in neighbouring Mayenne, at 417 m, and slopes towards the west before straightening on its western extremity, with the Montagnes Noires and the Monts d'Arrée. The highest hill in Brittany is the Roc'h Ruz in the Monts d'Arrée, at 385 m…

Average elevation: 50 m

Annecy has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) in spite of its relatively far inland position. Influenced by its elevation, summers are rather moderate on average, although they can be highly variable with extreme heat spikes. Winters see occasional freezing temperatures, but most often stays in the single-digits…

Average elevation: 554 m

Covering 5,229 square kilometres (2,019 square miles), the department was the smallest among the four contributors to Champagne-Ardenne. It is diverse in climate, topography, natural vegetation and land use, which is a mixture of forest and arable farming.

Average elevation: 225 m

Average elevation: 164 m

The area of the commune is 3,669 hectares (9,070 acres), representing 36.69 square kilometres (14.17 sq mi); the altitude varies between 106–191 metres (348–627 ft).

Average elevation: 151 m

Average elevation: 192 m

Average elevation: 710 m

Average elevation: 67 m

Average elevation: 28 m

Average elevation: 167 m

Average elevation: 254 m

Average elevation: 1,249 m

Average elevation: 298 m

Average elevation: 232 m

Average elevation: 97 m

Average elevation: 164 m

The first half of the 14th century was a prosperous period, despite the dismemberment in 1317 of the very large bishopric of Toulouse (which lost two thirds of its area and a large part of its income, a loss only partially compensated by its elevation to the rank of archbishopric), and the episode of the…

Average elevation: 155 m

Average elevation: 5 m

Average elevation: 1,951 m

Average elevation: 107 m

Average elevation: 12 m

Average elevation: 871 m

Average elevation: 443 m

Average elevation: 45 m

Average elevation: 340 m

Average elevation: 8 m

Average elevation: 67 m

Lourdes lies at an elevation of 420 m (1,380 ft) and in a central position through which runs the fast-flowing river Gave de Pau from the south, coming from its source at Gavarnie; into it flow several smaller rivers from Barèges and Cauterets. The Gave then branches off to the west towards the Béarn,…

Average elevation: 514 m

Average elevation: 270 m

Except for a few dozen houses on the slopes of the Bastille hill of Chartreuse, Grenoble is exclusively built on the alluvial plain of the rivers Isère and Drac at an altitude of 214 metres (702 ft). As a result, the city itself is extremely flat. Mountain sports are an important tourist attraction in summer…

Average elevation: 246 m

Average elevation: 256 m

Average elevation: 3 m

The village is located at an altitude of over 400 meters.

Average elevation: 566 m

Average elevation: 55 m

The area of the commune is 3,669 hectares (9,070 acres), representing 36.69 square kilometres (14.17 sq mi); the altitude varies between 106–191 metres (348–627 ft).

Average elevation: 151 m

The bay of Tuuraapuo was the main crater of the volcano, whose collapsed southwestern edge only subsists still in the islets Toopua and Toopua-iti, which culminate respectively at 148 m (486 ft) and 17 m (56 ft), altitude. The volcanic rocks are of basaltic type, consisting mostly of alkaline basalts, some…

Average elevation: 11 m

Average elevation: 535 m

Average elevation: 2 m

Average elevation: 222 m

The land use in the commune, as recorded in the European biophysical land use database, Corine Land Cover (CLC), is characterized by a high proportion of artificial areas, accounting for 51.4% in 2018, up from 33.9% in 1990. The detailed distribution in 2018 was as follows: urban areas (30.2%), heterogeneous…

Average elevation: 31 m

Average elevation: 32 m

Nantes is built on the Armorican Massif, a range of weathered mountains which may be considered the backbone of Brittany. The mountains, stretching from the end of the Breton peninsula to the outskirts of the sedimentary Paris Basin, are composed of several parallel ridges of Ordovician and Cadomian rocks.…

Average elevation: 26 m

Average elevation: 210 m

The main railway station for Saint-Gervais is the Gare de Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet. The Mont Blanc Tramway departs from the forecourt of Le Fayet station and reaches the Nid d'Aigle station at the Bionnassay glacier at an altitude of 2,372 m (7,782 ft). The Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway, a metre…

Average elevation: 1,589 m

Average elevation: 22 m

Average elevation: 257 m

Average elevation: 18 m

Average elevation: 132 m

Average elevation: 1,673 m

Average elevation: 149 m

Average elevation: 116 m

Although Polynesia tends to be associated with images of lush tropical vegetation, and the Marquesas lie within the tropics, they are remarkably dry. That is because they constitute the first major break for the prevailing easterly winds that arise from the (atmospherically) dry Humboldt Current. This subjects…

Average elevation: 3 m

Average elevation: 0 m